Vietnam (southern) From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04): Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks and Pottenger for LMT before 1906. From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. From Paul Eggert (2024-01-14) after a 2014 heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân and a 2024-01-14 heads-up from Đoàn Trần Công Danh: Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)" (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50, is quoted verbatim in: http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01 is translated by Brian Inglis in: https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html and is the basis for the information below. The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104° 17' 17" east of Paris. It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or the Paris Meridian; for now guess the former and round the exact 07:06:30.1333... to 07:06:30.13 as the legal spec used 66 2/3 ms precision. which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT. The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954) and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954): To 07:00 on 1911-05-01. To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00. To 09:00 on 1945-03-14 at 23:00. To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam. To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina. To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam. To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam. To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam. Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above. Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội, No. 9, Paris, February 1982. Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)", NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000. Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu", NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995. Here is the decision for the September 1945 transition: Võ Nguyên Giáp, Việt Nam Dân Quốc Công Báo, No. 1 (1945-09-29), page 13 http://baochi.nlv.gov.vn/baochi/cgi-bin/baochi?a=d&d=JwvzO19450929.2.5&dliv=none It says that on 1945-09-01 at 24:00, Vietnam moved back two hours, to +07. It also mentions a 1945-03-29 decree (by a Japanese Governor-General) to set the time zone to +09, but does not say whether that decree merely legalized an earlier change to +09. July 1955 transition: Ngô Đình Diệm, Công Báo Việt Nam, No. 92 (1955-07-02), page 1780-1781 Ordinance (Dụ) No. 46 (1955-06-25) http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/32341#?c=0&m=29&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-89%2C342%2C1724%2C1216 It says that on 1955-07-01 at 01:00, South Vietnam moved back 1 hour (to +07). December 1959 transition: Ngô Đình Diệm, Công Báo Việt Nam Cộng Hòa, 1960 part 1 (1960-01-02), page 62 Decree (Sắc lệnh) No. 362-TTP (1959-12-30) http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/32341#?c=0&m=138&s=0&cv=793&r=0&xywh=-54%2C1504%2C1705%2C1202 It says that on 1959-12-31 at 23:00, South Vietnam moved forward 1 hour (to +08). Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] STDOFF 7:06:30.13
Attributed Statements:
Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. From Paul Eggert (2024-01-14) after a 2014 heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân and a 2024-01-14 heads-up from Đoàn Trần Công Danh: Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)" (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50, is quoted verbatim in: http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01 is translated by Brian Inglis in: https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html and is the basis for the information below. The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104° 17' 17" east of Paris. It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or the Paris Meridian; for now guess the former and round the exact 07:06:30.1333... to 07:06:30.13 as the legal spec used 66 2/3 ms precision. which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT. The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954) and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954): To 07:00 on 1911-05-01. To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00. To 09:00 on 1945-03-14 at 23:00. To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam. To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina. To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam. To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam. To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam. Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above. Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội, No. 9, Paris, February 1982. Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)", NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000. Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu", NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995. Here is the decision for the September 1945 transition: Võ Nguyên Giáp, Việt Nam Dân Quốc Công Báo, No. 1 (1945-09-29), page 13 http://baochi.nlv.gov.vn/baochi/cgi-bin/baochi?a=d&d=JwvzO19450929.2.5&dliv=none It says that on 1945-09-01 at 24:00, Vietnam moved back two hours, to +07. It also mentions a 1945-03-29 decree (by a Japanese Governor-General) to set the time zone to +09, but does not say whether that decree merely legalized an earlier change to +09. July 1955 transition: Ngô Đình Diệm, Công Báo Việt Nam, No. 92 (1955-07-02), page 1780-1781 Ordinance (Dụ) No. 46 (1955-06-25) http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/32341#?c=0&m=29&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-89%2C342%2C1724%2C1216 It says that on 1955-07-01 at 01:00, South Vietnam moved back 1 hour (to +07). December 1959 transition: Ngô Đình Diệm, Công Báo Việt Nam Cộng Hòa, 1960 part 1 (1960-01-02), page 62 Decree (Sắc lệnh) No. 362-TTP (1959-12-30) http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/32341#?c=0&m=138&s=0&cv=793&r=0&xywh=-54%2C1504%2C1705%2C1202 It says that on 1959-12-31 at 23:00, South Vietnam moved forward 1 hour (to +08). Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] STDOFF 7:06:30.13
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