Time Zone Changes in 2021

Milamber (2021-03-31, 2022-03-10):

https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=2076
https://www.ecoactu.ma/horaires-administration-ramadan-gmtheure-gmt-a-partir-de-dimanche-27-mars/

Attached to: Morocco (africa)

Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18):

"South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1
hour on February 1, 2021...."
from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/

Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Attached to: Africa/Juba (africa)

Steffen Thorsen (2021-09-24):

The Jordanian Government announced yesterday that they will start DST
in February instead of March:
https://petra.gov.jo/Include/InnerPage.jsp?ID=37683&lang=en&name=en_news (English)
https://petra.gov.jo/Include/InnerPage.jsp?ID=189969&lang=ar&name=news (Arabic)
From the Arabic version, it seems to say it would be at midnight
(assume 24:00) on the last Thursday in February, starting from 2022.

Attached to: Jordan (asia)

P Chan (2021-10-18):

http://wafa.ps/Pages/Details/34701
Palestine winter time will start from midnight 2021-10-29 (Thursday-Friday).

Attached to: EgyptAsia (asia)

Heba Hemad, Palestine Ministry of Telecom & IT (2021-10-20):

... winter time will begin in Palestine from Friday 10-29, 01:00 AM
by 60 minutes backwards.

Attached to: EgyptAsia (asia)

Tim Parenti (2021-10-25):

Guess future fall transitions at 01:00 on the Friday preceding October's
last Sunday (i.e., Fri>=23), as this is more consistent with recent practice.

Attached to: EgyptAsia (asia)

P Chan (2021-05-10):

Here's a fairly comprehensive article in Japanese:
https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/Philippine%20Time
(2021-05-16):
According to the references listed in the article,
the periods that the Philippines (Manila) observed DST or used +9 are:

1936-10-31 24:00 to 1937-01-15 24:00
(Proclamation No. 104, Proclamation No. 126)
1941-12-15 24:00 to 1945-11-30 24:00
(Proclamation No. 789, Proclamation No. 20)
1954-04-11 24:00 to 1954-06-04 24:00
(Proclamation No. 13, Proclamation No. 33)
1977-03-27 24:00 to 1977-09-21 24:00
(Proclamation No. 1629, Proclamation No. 1641)
1990-05-21 00:00 to 1990-07-28 24:00
(National Emergency Memorandum Order No. 17, Executive Order No. 415)

Proclamation No. 104 ... October 30, 1936
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1936/10/30/proclamation-no-104-s-1936/
Proclamation No. 126 ... January 15, 1937
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1937/01/15/proclamation-no-126-s-1937/
Proclamation No. 789 ... December 13, 1941
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1941/12/13/proclamation-no-789-s-1941/
Proclamation No. 20 ... November 11, 1945
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1945/11/11/proclamation-no-20-s-1945/
Proclamation No. 13 ... April 6, 1954
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1954/04/06/proclamation-no-13-s-1954/
Proclamation No. 33 ... June 3, 1954
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1954/06/03/proclamation-no-33-s-1954/
Proclamation No. 1629 ... March 25, 1977
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1977/03/25/proclamation-no-1629-s-1977/
Proclamation No. 1641 ...May 26, 1977
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1977/05/26/proclamation-no-1641-s-1977/
National Emergency Memorandum Order No. 17 ... May 2, 1990
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1990/05/02/national-emergency-memorandum-order-no-17-s-1990/
Executive Order No. 415 ... July 20, 1990
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1990/07/20/executive-order-no-415-s-1990/

During WWII, Proclamation No. 789 fixed two periods of DST. The first period
was set to continue only until January 31, 1942. But Manila was occupied by
the Japanese earlier in the month....

For the date of the adoption of standard time, Shank[s] gives 1899-05-11.
The article is not able to state the basis of that. I guess it was based on
a US War Department Circular issued on that date.
https://books.google.com/books?id=JZ1PAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA3-PA8

However, according to other sources, standard time was adopted on
1899-09-06.  Also, the LMT was GMT+8:03:52
https://books.google.com/books?id=MOYIAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA521
https://books.google.com/books?id=lSnqqatpYikC&pg=PA21

Attached to: Phil (asia)

Alexander Krivenyshev (2021-03-24):

In 1899 the Cook Islands celebrated Christmas twice to correct the calendar.
According to the old books, missionaries were unaware of
the International Date line, when they came from Sydney.
Thus the Cook Islands were one day ahead....
http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-KloDisc-t1-body-d18.html
... Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1900
https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&d=AJHR1900-I.2.1.2.3
(page 20)

Attached to: Cook (australasia)

Michael Deckers (2021-03-24):

... in the Cook Island Act of 1915-10-11, online at
http://www.paclii.org/ck/legis/ck-nz_act/cia1915132/
"651. The hour of the day shall in each of the islands included in the
Cook Islands be determined in accordance with the meridian of that island."
so that local (mean?) time was still used in Rarotonga (and Niue) in 1915.
This was changed in the Cook Island Amendment Act of 1952-10-16 ...
http://www.paclii.org/ck/legis/ck-nz_act/ciaa1952212/
"651 (1) The hour of the day in each of the islands included in the Cook
Islands, other than Niue, shall be determined as if each island were
situated on the meridian one hundred and fifty-seven degrees thirty minutes
West of Greenwich.  (2) The hour of the day in the Island of Niue shall be
determined as if that island were situated on the meridian one hundred and
seventy degrees West of Greenwich."
This act does not state when it takes effect, so one has to assume it
applies since 1952-10-16.  But there is the possibility that the act just
legalized prior existing practice, as we had seen with the Guernsey law of
1913-06-18 for the switch in 1909-04-19.

Attached to: Cook (australasia)

Paul Eggert (2021-03-24):

Transitions after 1952 are from Shanks & Pottenger.

Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Attached to: Cook (australasia)

Tim Parenti (2021-09-13):

Consecutive contemporaneous editions of The Air Almanac listed -11:20 for
Niue as of Apr 1964 but -11 as of Aug 1964:
Apr 1964: https://books.google.com/books?id=_1So677Y5vUC&pg=SL1-PA23
Aug 1964: https://books.google.com/books?id=MbJloqd-zyUC&pg=SL1-PA23
Without greater specificity, guess 1964-07-01 for this transition.

Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Attached to: Pacific/Niue (australasia)

Geoffrey D. Bennett (2021-09-20):

https://www.mcil.gov.ws/storage/2021/09/MCIL-Scan_20210920_120553.pdf
DST has been cancelled for this year.

Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Attached to: WS (australasia)

Paul Eggert (2021-05-27):

Kiribati's +13 timezone is represented by Kanton, its only populated
island.  (It was formerly spelled "Canton", but Gilbertese lacks "C".)
Kanton was settled on 1937-08-31 by two British radio operators
<https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1937v02/d94>;
Americans came the next year and built an airfield, partly to
establish airline service and perhaps partly anticipating the
next war.  Aside from the war, the airfield was used by commercial
airlines until long-range jets became standard; although currently
for emergency use only, China says it is considering rebuilding the
airfield for high-end niche tourism.  Kanton has about two dozen
people, caretakers who rotate in from the rest of Kiribati in 2-5
year shifts, and who use some of the leftover structures
<http://pipa.neaq.org/2012/06/images-of-kanton-island.html>.

Kwajalein

Paul Eggert (2021-03-04):

In 1943 "The standard time kept is 12 hrs. 19 min. 12 sec. fast
on Greenwich mean time." according to the Admiralty's Hydrographic
Dept., Pacific Islands Pilot, Vol. II, 7th ed., 1943, p 360.

Michael Deckers (2021-03-03):

[Ian R Bartky: "One Time Fits All: The Campaigns for Global Uniformity".
Stanford University Press. 2007. p. 255]:
On 10 September 1945 Tonga adopted a standard time 12 hours,
20 minutes in advance of Greenwich.

Paul Eggert (2021-10-05):

Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944
for the Kingdom of Italy.  This is consistent with Renzo Baldini.
Model Rome's occupation by using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10
to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it
was effectively controlled by Germany.  Using C-Eur is consistent
with Treindl's comment about Rome in April 1944, as the "Rule Italy"
lines during German occupation do not affect Europe/Rome
(though they do affect Europe/Malta).

Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Attached to: Italy (europe)

Tim Parenti (2021-02-20):

The transitions below are derived from P Chan's sources, except that the 1977
through 1980 transitions are from Shanks & Pottenger since we have no better
data there.  Of particular note, the 1944 DST regulation only advanced the
time to "exactly three and a half hours later than Greenwich mean time", as
opposed to "three hours" in the 1942 and 1943 regulations.

Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Attached to: Barb (northamerica)

Tim Parenti (2021-03-02):

For Sierra Leone in 1957-1962, the standard time was defined in the
Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1932 (as amended in 1946, renamed to Local Time
Ordinance in 1960 and Local Time Act in 1961). It was unamended throughout
that period.  See references to "Time" in the Alphabetical Index of the
Legislation in force on the 31st day of December,
1957: https://books.google.com/books?id=lvQ-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA49
1958: https://books.google.com/books?id=4fQ-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA50
1959: https://books.google.com/books?id=p_U-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA55
1960: https://books.google.com/books?id=JPY-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA37
1961: https://books.google.com/books?id=7vY-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA41
1962: https://books.google.com/books?id=W_c-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA44
1963: https://books.google.com/books?id=9vk-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA47

Although Shanks & Pottenger had DST from Jun 1 00:00 to Sep 1 00:00 in this
period, many contemporaneous almanacs agree that it wasn't used:
https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2021-February/029866.html
Go with the above.

Attached to: SL (backzone)

Paul Eggert (2021-05-09):

H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
"It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp
says that Quebec east of the -63 meridian is supposed to observe
AST, but residents as far east as Natashquan use EST/EDT, and
residents east of Natashquan use AST.
The Quebec department of justice writes in
"The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
https://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/en/department/ministre/functions-and-responsabilities/legal-time-in-quebec/the-situation-in-minganie-and-basse-cote-nord/
that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
This common practice was codified into law as of 2007; see Legal Time Act,
CQLR c T-5.1 <http://legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/ShowDoc/cs/T-5.1>.
For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.

Attached to: America/Blanc-Sablon (backzone)

Paul Eggert (2021-05-09):

I invented the abbreviations AMT for Amsterdam Mean Time and NST for
Netherlands Summer Time, used in the Netherlands from 1835 to 1937.

Attached to: Neth (backzone)

Paul Eggert (2021-05-27):

Enderbury was inhabited 1860/1880s to mine guano, and 1938-03-06/1942-02-09
for aviation (ostensibly commercial, but military uses foreseen).
The 19th-century dates are approximate.  See Pacific/Kanton for
the currently inhabited representative for this timezone.

Attached to: Pacific/Enderbury (backzone)