Sweden
From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
The observatory at that time had the meridian 18° 03' 30"
eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states
that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
"sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
the Sök-button).
(2001-05-13):
I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some
people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
hour before the event took place.
Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
An extra-special abbreviation style is SET for Swedish Time (svensk
normaltid) 1879-1899, 3° west of the Stockholm Observatory. Attributed Statements:
Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13):
The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. The observatory at that time had the meridian 18° 03' 30" eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click the Sök-button). (2001-05-13): I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some people thought the switch to standard time would take place already at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another hour before the event took place. Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. An extra-special abbreviation style is SET for Swedish Time (svensk normaltid) 1879-1899, 3° west of the Stockholm Observatory.
backzone(Lines 1510 to 1560)