Time Zone Changes in 2017

Paul Eggert (2017-03-02):

The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30.

In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset
that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.  The 1972 change was on
1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of:
Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of
President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972.
Monrovia: Executive Mansion.

Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more accurate numeric
abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit.

Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Attached to: Africa/Monrovia (africa)

Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09):

The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at
www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf
and includes this nugget:
Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the
first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall
commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on
Sunday 4 September 1994.

Attached to: Namibia (africa)

Michael Deckers (2017-04-06):

... both summer and winter time are called "standard"
(which differs from the use in Ireland) ...

Attached to: Namibia (africa)

Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):

Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally
observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice.
In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23.
https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers

Attached to: Namibia (africa)

Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09):

Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST:
https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
This video is from the government decision:
https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665
We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at
the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September:
https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html

Attached to: Namibia (africa)

Paul Eggert (2017-04-09):

Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally.
However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST.  See, e.g.:
http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706
https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia
https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible
with Namibia's neighbors.

Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.

Attached to: Namibia (africa)

Paul Eggert (2017-04-07):

The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24.  See:
http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf
1:00	Namibia	%s	2017 Oct 24
2:00	-	CAT
End of rearguard section.


Angola
Benin
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Democratic Republic of the Congo (western)
Republic of the Congo
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
Niger
Nigeria

Attached to: Africa/Lagos (africa)

Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):

A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the
year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia
Abdalla of NTC, archived at:
https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html

Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Attached to: Sudan (africa)

Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):

Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is
used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead
of Greenwich."  This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630,
a transition for which Shanks is the only source.

Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Attached to: Asia/Yangon (asia)

Paul Eggert (2017-01-05):

Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:

(1)
Guo Qing-sheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
(Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料). 2003;24(1):5-9.
http://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ZGKS200301000&dbname=CJFD2003
It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
officially apparent solar time!  However, Guo also says that the
evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
been taken over by the PRC yet.  It's plausible that apparent solar
time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
to use UT+8.  As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
could well have ignored any such mandate.

(2)
Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
[undated and unknown publication location]
It says several things:
* The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
* The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
the official calendar book of 1914.
* The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
Observatory and set to local mean time.
* "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
* Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
became used by railways as well.
* In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
five time zones (see below for details).  This caught on
at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
* During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7.  In practice
this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
Japanese-occupied territory.
* Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
* The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
place (with some modifications) in March 1948.  It's not clear
how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
* The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.

An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai."  Guess that the
Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08.

In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:

Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin

Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
Now part of Asia/Shanghai.
most of China
Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time....
Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".

Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07
Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong
counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.

Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with
current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that
disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here.
The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
the Guangdong counties  Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.

Kunlun Time UT +05:30
This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above).
West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
and Yarkand.

Attached to: Asia/Shanghai (asia)

Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):

Northern Cyprus will reinstate winter time on October 29, thus
staying in sync with the rest of Cyprus.  See: Anastasiou A.
Cyprus to remain united in time.  Cyprus Mail 2017-10-17.
https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/10/17/cyprus-remain-united-time/

Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Attached to: Cyprus (asia)

Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):

Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India.
"... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic
measurements on Göttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras
(local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time,
and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time:
19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19.
"A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present
standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time.  The citizen of
Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of
his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat
of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change
the time they are using, for that of what they regard as a benighted
Presidency; while Madras, having for long given the standard time to the
rest of India, would resist the adoption of any other Indian standard in its
place." -- Oldham RD. On Time in India: a suggestion for its improvement.
Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (April 1899), 49-55.

"In 1870 ... Madras time - 'now used by the telegraph and regulated from the
only government observatory' - was suggested as a standard railway time,
first to be adopted on the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR)....
Calcutta, Bombay, and Karachi, were to be allowed to continue with their
local time for civil purposes." - Prasad R. Tracks of Change: Railways and
Everyday Life in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press (2016), 145.

Reed S, Low F. The Indian Year Book 1936-37. Bennett, Coleman, pp 27-8.
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282212
This lists +052110 as Madras local time used in railways, and says that on
1906-01-01 railways and telegraphs in India switched to +0530.  Some
municipalities retained their former time, and the time in Calcutta
continued to depend on whether you were at the railway station or at
government offices.  Government time was at +055320 (according to Shanks) or
at +0554 (according to the Indian Year Book).  Railway time is more
appropriate for our purposes, as it was better documented, it is what we do
elsewhere (e.g., Europe/London before 1880), and after 1906 it was
consistent in the region now identified by Asia/Kolkata.  So, use railway
time for 1870-1941.  Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the
1941-1945 data.

Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Attached to: Asia/Kolkata (asia)

Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09):

Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight
saving time adoption in Mongolia.  Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192

Attached to: Mongol (asia)

Paul Eggert (2017-08-21):

Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing
Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27),
[Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate.

Attached to: Fiji (australasia)

Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):

Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind.
Details are uncertain.  We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so
treat it like Hawaii for now.  Since Johnston is now uninhabited,
its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file.

In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945
<http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes,
"We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM
Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time."  This was in June 1945, and
confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945.

Attached to: Vanuatu (australasia)

David Wade (2017-10-18):

In August government was dissolved by the King.  The current prime minister
continued in office in care taker mode.  It is easy to see that few
decisions will be made until elections 16th November.

Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):

For now, guess that DST is discontinued.  That's what the IATA is guessing.

Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):

Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.

Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
for time zone data was the International Air Transport
Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.

A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).

Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.

Other sources occasionally used include:

Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
which I found in the UCLA library.

William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
<http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
[PDF] (1914-03)

Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
<https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.  He writes:
"It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
Savile Row, London."  Nowadays please see the file CONTRIBUTING.

Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see
https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
The full Russian citation is:
Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток
введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го
июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград:
Десятая гос. тип., 1919.
http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf

Brazil's Divisão de Serviços da Hora (DISHO)
History of Summer Time
<http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
(1998-09-21, in Portuguese)

I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
the rest are variants of the "xMT" pattern for a city's mean time,
or are from other sources.  Corrections are welcome!
std  dst  2dst
LMT             Local Mean Time
-4:00       AST  ADT        Atlantic
0:00       GMT  BST  BDST  Greenwich, British Summer
0:00       GMT  IST        Greenwich, Irish Summer
0:00       WET  WEST WEMT  Western Europe
1:00       BST             British Standard (1968-1971)
1:00       IST  GMT        Irish Standard (1968-) with winter DST
1:00       CET  CEST CEMT  Central Europe
1:00:14    SET             Swedish (1879-1899)
1:36:34    RMT* LST*       Riga, Latvian Summer (1880-1926)*
2:00       EET  EEST       Eastern Europe
3:00       MSK  MSD  MDST* Moscow

Attached to: GB-Eire (europe)

Paul Eggert (2017-12-04):

Dunsink Observatory (8 km NW of Dublin's center) was to Dublin as
Greenwich was to London.  For example:

"Timeball on the ballast office is down.  Dunsink time."
-- James Joyce, Ulysses

The abbreviation DMT stood for "Dublin Mean Time" or "Dunsink Mean Time";
this being Ireland, opinions differed.

Whitman says Dublin/Dunsink Mean Time was UT-00:25:21, which agrees
with measurements of recent visitors to the Meridian Room of Dunsink
Observatory; see Malone D. Dunsink and timekeeping. 2016-01-24.
<https://www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwmalone/time/dunsink.html>.  Malone
writes that the Nautical Almanac listed UT-00:25:22 until 1896, when
it moved to UT-00:25:21.1 (I confirmed that the 1893 edition used
the former and the 1896 edition used the latter).  Evidently the
news of this change propagated slowly, as Milne 1899 still lists
UT-00:25:22 and cites the International Telegraph Bureau.  As it is
not clear that there was any practical significance to the change
from UT-00:25:22 to UT-00:25:21.1 in civil timekeeping, omit this
transition for now and just use the latter value.

"Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time
was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that
would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'.  She claimed
Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'."
-- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising.
Irish Times 2014-10-27.
https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411

Attached to: GB-Eire (europe)

Paul Eggert (2017-12-07):

The 1996 anonymous contributor's goal was to determine the correct
abbreviation for summer time in Dublin and so the contributor
focused on the "IST", not on the "Irish Summer Time".  Though the
"IST" was correct, the "Irish Summer Time" appears to have been an
error, as Ireland's Standard Time (Amendment) Act, 1971 states that
standard time in Ireland remains at UT +01 and is observed in
summer, and that Greenwich mean time is observed in winter.  (Thanks
to Derick Rethans for pointing out the error.)  That is, when
Ireland amended the 1968 act that established UT +01 as Irish
Standard Time, it left standard time unchanged and established GMT
as a negative daylight saving time in winter.  So, in this database
IST stands for Irish Summer Time for timestamps before 1968, and for
Irish Standard Time after that.  See:
http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1971/act/17/enacted/en/print

Michael Deckers (2017-06-01) gave the following URLs for Ireland's
Summer Time Act, 1925 and Summer Time Orders, 1926 and 1947:
http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1925/act/8/enacted/en/print
http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1926/sro/919/made/en/print
http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1947/sro/71/made/en/print

Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Summer Time Act, 1916

Attached to: GB-Eire (europe)

Paul Eggert (2017-12-10):

Greenland joined the European Communities as part of Denmark,
obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, and left the European Communities
on 1985-02-01.  It therefore should have been using EU
rules at least through 1984.  Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb
used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
rules since at least 1991.  Assume EU rules since 1980.

From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing
<http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:

Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
is according to the following time line:

The military zone near Thule	UTC-4
Standard Greenland time	UTC-3
Scoresbysund			UTC-1
Danmarkshavn			UTC

In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
introduced.

Attached to: Thule (europe)

Kıvanç Yazan (2017-10-28):

Turkey will go back to Daylight Saving Time starting 2018-10.
http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/10/20171028-5.pdf

Attached to: Turkey (europe)

Even Scharning (2017-11-08):

... today it was announced that the DST will become "continuous":
http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/son-dakika-yaz-saati-uygulamasi-surekli-hale-geldi-40637482

Attached to: Turkey (europe)

Paul Eggert (2017-11-08):

Although Google Translate misfires on that source, it looks like
Turkey reversed last month's decision, and so will stay at +03.

Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Attached to: Turkey (europe)

Paul Eggert (2017-09-23):

This was the V-J Day issue of the Clamdigger, a Rowayton, CT newsletter.

From Joseph Gallant citing
George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.

Attached to: US (northamerica)

Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):

Four cities are involved.  The two not mentioned above are Smiths Station
and Valley.  Barbara Brooks, Valley's assistant treasurer, heard it started
because West Point Pepperell textile mills were in Alabama while the
corporate office was in Georgia, and residents voted to keep Eastern
time even after the mills closed.  See: Kazek K. Did you know which
Alabama towns are in a different time zone?  al.com 2017-02-06.
http://www.al.com/living/index.ssf/2017/02/do_you_know_which_alabama_town.html

Attached to: NYC (northamerica)

Paul Eggert (2017-06-15):

Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
On Friday, 1867-10-18 (Gregorian), at precisely 15:30 local time, the
Russian forts and fleet at Sitka fired salutes to mark the ceremony of
formal transfer.  See the Sacramento Daily Union (1867-11-14), p 3, col 2.
https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SDU18671114.2.12.1
Sitka workers did not change their calendars until Sunday, 1867-10-20,
and so celebrated two Sundays that week.  See: Ahllund T (tr Hallamaa P).

Attached to: America/Juneau (northamerica)

Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):

Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.

Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
for time zone data was the International Air Transport
Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.

Other sources occasionally used include:

Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
<https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.

Pearce C. The Great Daylight Saving Time Controversy.
Australian Ebook Publisher. 2017. ISBN 978-1-925516-96-8.

Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
which I found in the UCLA library.

William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
<http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
[PDF] (1914-03)

For the 1911/1912 establishment of standard time in French possessions, see:
Société Française de Physique, Recueil de constantes physiques (1913),
page 752, 18b.

See the 'europe' file for Greenland.

Canada

Attached to: Canada (northamerica)

Paul Eggert (2017-10-14):

Legally Labrador should observe Newfoundland time; see:
McLeod J. Labrador time - legal or not? St. John's Telegram, 2017-10-07
http://www.thetelegram.com/news/local/labrador-time--legal-or-not-154860/
Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that the only part of Labrador
that follows the rules is the southeast corner, including Port Hope
Simpson and Mary's Harbour, but excluding, say, Black Tickle.

Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Attached to: StJohns (northamerica)

Paul Eggert (2017-07-08):

For more on Orillia, see: Daubs K. Bold attempt at daylight saving
time became a comic failure in Orillia. Toronto Star 2017-07-08.
https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2017/07/08/bold-attempt-at-daylight-saving-time-became-a-comic-failure-in-orillia.html

Attached to: Toronto (northamerica)

Steffen Thorsen (2017-03-12):

We have received 4 mails from different people telling that Haiti
has started DST again today, and this source seems to confirm that,
I have not been able to find a more authoritative source:
https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-20319-haiti-notices-time-change-in-haiti.html

Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Attached to: Haiti (northamerica)

the Turks & Caicos Cabinet (2017-07-20):

... agreed to the reintroduction in TCI of Daylight Saving Time (DST)
during the summer months and Standard Time, also known as Local
Time, during the winter months with effect from April 2018 ...
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/turks-and-caicos-post-cabinet-meeting-statement--3

Attached to: America/Grand_Turk (northamerica)

Paul Eggert (2017-08-26):

The date of effect of the spring 2018 change appears to be March 11,
which makes more sense.  See: Hamilton D. Time change back
by March 2018 for TCI. Magnetic Media. 2017-08-25.
http://magneticmediatv.com/2017/08/time-change-back-by-march-2018-for-tci/

Attached to: America/Grand_Turk (northamerica)

Steffen Thorsen (2017-12-18):

According to many media sources, next year's DST start in Brazil will move to
the first Sunday of November
... https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-delays-dst-2018.html

Attached to: Brazil (southamerica)

Steffen Thorsen (2017-12-20):

http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2015-2018/2017/decreto/D9242.htm

Attached to: Brazil (southamerica)