America/Juneau

Alaska
AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -09 per USNO.

From Paul Eggert (2017-06-15):
Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
On Friday, 1867-10-18 (Gregorian), at precisely 15:30 local time, the
Russian forts and fleet at Sitka fired salutes to mark the ceremony of
formal transfer.  See the Sacramento Daily Union (1867-11-14), p 3, col 2.
https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SDU18671114.2.12.1
Sitka workers did not change their calendars until Sunday, 1867-10-20,
and so celebrated two Sundays that week.  See: Ahllund T (tr Hallamaa P).
From the memoirs of a Finnish workman. Alaska History. 2006 Fall;21(2):1-25.
http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Ahllund-2006-Memoirs-of-a-Finnish-Workman.pdf
Include only the time zone part of this transition, ignoring the switch
from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent the Julian calendar.

As far as we know, of the locations mentioned below only Sitka was
permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
(Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement was
destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.)  Many of Alaska's inhabitants
were unaware of the US acquisition of Alaska, much less of any calendar or
time change.  However, the Russian-influenced part of Alaska did observe
Russian time, and it is more accurate to model this than to ignore it.
The database format requires an exact transition time; use the Russian
salute as a somewhat-arbitrary time for the formal transfer of control for
all of Alaska.

From Tim Parenti (2026-08-26):
Sitka's UT offset changed from +14:58:47 to -9:01:13, so effectuate this
change at 15:30:00 +14:58:47, or 1867-10-19 00:31:13 UT in the Alaskan
locations below.

From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):
One opinion of the early 1980s turmoil in Alaska over time zones and
daylight saving time appeared as graffiti on a Juneau airport wall:
"Welcome to Juneau.  Please turn your watch back to the 19th century."
See: Turner W. Alaska's four time zones now two. NY Times 1983-11-01.
http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/alaska-s-four-time-zones-now-two.html

Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31) referred to the following source:
Norris F. Keeping time in Alaska: national directives, local response.
Alaska History 2001;16(1-2).
http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/discover-alaska/glimpses-of-the-past/keeping-time-in-alaska/

From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:

On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
Pacific Time.

...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.

On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.

According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.

(The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
Nation.)

From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
Community office (using contact information available at
http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no - they were on their
own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
did not inquire about practices in the past.

From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.

From Steffen Thorsen (2015-11-09):
It seems Metlakatla did go off PST on Sunday, November 1, changing
their time to AKST and are going to follow Alaska's DST, switching
between AKST and AKDT from now on....
https://www.krbd.org/2015/10/30/annette-island-times-they-are-a-changing/

From Ryan Stanley (2018-11-06):
The Metlakatla community in Alaska has decided not to change its
clock back an hour starting on November 4th, 2018 (day before yesterday).
They will be gmtoff=-28800 year-round.
https://www.facebook.com/141055983004923/photos/pb.141055983004923.-2207520000.1541465673./569081370202380/

From Paul Eggert (2018-12-16):
In a 2018-12-11 special election, Metlakatla voted to go back to
Alaska time (including daylight saving time) starting next year.
https://www.krbd.org/2018/12/12/metlakatla-to-follow-alaska-standard-time-allow-liquor-sales/

From Ryan Stanley (2019-01-11):
The community will be changing back on the 20th of this month...
From Tim Parenti (2019-01-11):
Per an announcement on the Metlakatla community's official Facebook page, the
"fall back" will be on Sunday 2019-01-20 at 02:00:
https://www.facebook.com/141055983004923/photos/607150969728753/
So they won't be waiting for Alaska to join them on 2019-03-10, but will
rather change their clocks twice in seven weeks.

From Paul Eggert (2023-01-23):
America/Adak is for the Aleutian Islands that are part of Alaska
and are west of 169.5° W.

Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]