Time Zone Changes in 2014

Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):

Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx

Attached to: Egypt (africa)

Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):

our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)

Attached to: Egypt (africa)

Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):

We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
in Egypt.  The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
[T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014."  This statement has been
reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258

Attached to: Egypt (africa)

Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):

http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp

Attached to: Morocco (africa)

Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):

The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time....  DST
will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586

Attached to: Morocco (africa)

Paul-Inge Flakstad (2014-03-10):

I recently had a long dialog about this with the developer of timegenie.com.
In the absence of specific dates, he decided to choose some likely ones:
GMT +1 - From March 1 to the last Sunday in March
GMT +2 - From the last Sunday in March until the last Sunday in October
GMT +1 - From the last Sunday in October until November 7
GMT +0 - From November 7 until March 1
The dates for switching to and from UTC+0 will probably not be absolutely
correct, but they should be quite close to the actual dates.

Attached to: Troll (antarctica)

Paul Eggert (2014-03-21):

The CET-switching Troll rules require zic from tz 2014b or later, so as
suggested by Bengt-Inge Larsson comment them out for now, and approximate
with only UTC and CEST.  Uncomment them when 2014b is more prevalent.

Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Mar	 1	1:00u	1:00	+01

Attached to: Troll (antarctica)

David Cochrane (2014-03-26):

Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html

Attached to: Asia/Shanghai (asia)

Luther Ma (2014-04-22):

I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
Cochrane.  Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
and Beijing Time.  There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other.  The only
problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
having the same time as Beijing.

Attached to: Asia/Shanghai (asia)

Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):

In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06)
but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.

Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized.  E.g., see
"The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
<http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
quite a trick.  Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
guess) as the transition from LMT.  Ignore the usage of +08 before
1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
+08 mandate back then.

Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
STDOFF	8:05:43.2

Attached to: Asia/Shanghai (asia)

Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):

I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UT+9
back to UT+8 after WW2.  I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945.  In a document
during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
zone back to Western Standard Time (UT+8) on Sep 21.  And in another
history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time".  From these two
materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21.  And
today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
that:

1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
the time at 135E (GMT+9)

2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.

3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
Time.

[1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
[2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
[3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf

Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan.  It's Taiwan Governor-General
Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
[It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21.  I think this bulletin is much more
official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
would be a good one.
[1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener

Attached to: Taiwan (asia)

Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):

In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.

Original Bulletin:
http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)

In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:

http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431

Here is a brief translation:

The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
adoption till Oct 31 midnight.

The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
be found from historical government announcement database.

Attached to: Taiwan (asia)

Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):

As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01
until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.

Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Attached to: Taiwan (asia)

Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):

The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
civil time was 7:07:12.5.

Attached to: Asia/Jakarta (asia)

Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05):

I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the
[1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath
ends and changes to Sunday.

Attached to: Zion (asia)

Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):

https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
According to the Korean Wikipedia
https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
[oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
DST in Republic of Korea was as follows....  And I checked old
newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
started at June 1 in that year.  For another example, the article in
1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.

Attached to: ROK (asia)

Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):

The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Attached to: Asia/Kuching (asia)

Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):

Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam.  But this is quite a ways
from Saigon's location.  For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.

Attached to: Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh (asia)

Ken Rylander (2014-10-20):

DST will start Nov. 2 this year.
http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx

From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77
in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28),
via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02):
the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time
commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at
3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016.

Attached to: Fiji (australasia)

Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):

Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.

Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates
are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.

The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11
on 2014-12-28 at 02:00.  They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time".
See:
http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/

Attached to: Pacific/Bougainville (australasia)

Paul Eggert (2014-06-27):

The International Date Line Act 2011
http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf
changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
Thursday 29th December 2011".  The International Date Line was adjusted
accordingly.

Attached to: WS (australasia)

Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):

That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4.
Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely.

Attached to: WS (australasia)

Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11):

[W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used
was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships,
which had a GMT offset of -11 hours.  This apparently applied to at least the
time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last
Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin,
"The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the
Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976.
https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf
See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a
footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
Minus One Hour".

Kingman
uninhabited

Palmyra
uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati


Vanuatu

Attached to: Vanuatu (australasia)

Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):

Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded
Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables
about fading curtains and crazed farm animals."
Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03)
http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm

Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):

Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this
file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer
Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST".
However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common
practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints
about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage.
For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important;
what matters is the abbreviation.  It's difficult to survey the web
directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for
strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an
abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the
following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries:

10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits]
10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au
10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au
13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au
18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au
28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au
39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits]
53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits]
54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au
182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au

17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits]
46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au

I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but
they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits.  I also looked for pages
mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since
there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found:

156 "western standard time" AWST site:au
226 "western standard time" WST site:au

I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as
listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au"
and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results.
All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT".  The papers
surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail,
The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser,
The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle).

I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations
like "AEDT" are new.  A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/>
found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style
dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't
fully indexed.  The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations
like "AEDT".  The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather
column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column
(1993-01-24, p 16).  The style was the typical usage but was not
strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..."
(1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and
WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel
about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two
territories has prompted one group to form its very own political
party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party."

I also surveyed federal government sources.  They did not agree:

The Australian Government (2014-03-26)
http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time
(This document was produced by the Department of Finance.)
AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT

Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08)
http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml
EST CST WST EDT CDT

Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated)
http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml
EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST)

Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24)
http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp
AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT

Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10)
https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf
EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used

The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports,
and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like.
Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits:
311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT".
"_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to
appear in reports of events with international implications.

From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in
Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although
some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in
the minority.  The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it
seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all
the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments,
it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A".  The current
version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and
"AEDT" for Australian time zones.

Paul Eggert (2014-07-14):

Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by
New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26).
https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf
According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand
parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard
time in the Chatham Islands.  The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New
Zealand time.  I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.

Paul Eggert (2014-07-19):

The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time
informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year.
Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the
New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946),
whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value
after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research.
In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society
that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift.  See:
Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30°.
Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734
http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html
Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal
did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten.

In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915),
a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907)
that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
subscription and open to the public.  On the south face of the monolith,
designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
which is permanently set to Summer Time.

Attached to: GB-Eire (europe)

Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09):

Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time....
http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html

Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Attached to: Europe/Minsk (europe)

Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13):

[Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013]
https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf
pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942
say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942,
00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper
mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday"....
On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards.

Attached to: Finland (europe)

Paul Eggert (2014-06-14):

Go with Oja over Shanks.

Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

Attached to: Finland (europe)

Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01):

According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency)
http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562
the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to
winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones.  The new
regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ...
http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02
Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N
431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding
areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English):
http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html

Attached to: Europe/Kaliningrad (europe)

Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22):

Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian)
http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660
http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279
From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will look like this:
http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html

Attached to: Europe/Kaliningrad (europe)

Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):

The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
are covered by each zone.  They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
listing.  The region codes listed come from
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
future stability.  ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
divisions where available.

Attached to: Europe/Kaliningrad (europe)

Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):

Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
39	RU-KGD	Kaliningrad Oblast

Attached to: Europe/Kaliningrad (europe)

Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):

LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
Observatory (coordinates: 55° 45' 29.70", 37° 34' 05.30")....
LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
(The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.)
The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by
Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg.  In 1916 LMT Moscow
was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
coordinates: 59° 46' 18.70", 30° 19' 40.70") so 30° 19' 40.70" >
2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19.  LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
2:31:19 ...

Attached to: Europe/Moscow (europe)

Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):

Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
Russian and French.  This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.

Attached to: Europe/Moscow (europe)

Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):

time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
https://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html

Attached to: Europe/Astrakhan (europe)

Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):

Europe/Samara covers...
18	RU-UD	Udmurt Republic
63	RU-SAM	Samara Oblast

Attached to: Europe/Samara (europe)

Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):

Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
02	RU-BA	Bashkortostan, Republic of
90	RU-PER	Perm Krai
45	RU-KGN	Kurgan Oblast
56	RU-ORE	Orenburg Oblast
66	RU-SVE	Sverdlovsk Oblast
72	RU-TYU	Tyumen Oblast
74	RU-CHE	Chelyabinsk Oblast
86	RU-KHM	Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
89	RU-YAN	Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.

Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9.
Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05.
Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard.
The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks.

STDOFF	 4:02:32.9

Attached to: Asia/Yekaterinburg (europe)

Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):

Asia/Omsk covers...
55	RU-OMS	Omsk Oblast

Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30.

Attached to: Asia/Omsk (europe)

Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):

Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
42	RU-KEM	Kemerovo Oblast

Attached to: Asia/Novokuznetsk (europe)

Tim Parenti (2014-07-02):

The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
realigning itself with KRAT.

Attached to: Asia/Novokuznetsk (europe)

Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):

Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
17	RU-TY	Tuva Republic
19	RU-KK	Khakassia, Republic of
24	RU-KYA	Krasnoyarsk Krai

Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.

Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26.

Attached to: Asia/Krasnoyarsk (europe)

Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):

Asia/Irkutsk covers...
03	RU-BU	Buryatia, Republic of
38	RU-IRK	Irkutsk Oblast

Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.

Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15.
Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05.
Go with Byalokoz.

Attached to: Asia/Irkutsk (europe)

Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):

Asia/Chita covers...
92	RU-ZAB	Zabaykalsky Krai

Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.

Attached to: Asia/Chita (europe)

Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):

Asia/Yakutsk covers...
28	RU-AMU	Amur Oblast

...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
14-02	****	Aldansky District
14-04	****	Amginsky District
14-05	****	Anabarsky District
14-06	****	Bulunsky District
14-07	****	Verkhnevilyuysky District
14-10	****	Vilyuysky District
14-11	****	Gorny District
14-12	****	Zhigansky District
14-13	****	Kobyaysky District
14-14	****	Lensky District
14-15	****	Megino-Kangalassky District
14-16	****	Mirninsky District
14-18	****	Namsky District
14-19	****	Neryungrinsky District
14-21	****	Nyurbinsky District
14-23	****	Olenyoksky District
14-24	****	Olyokminsky District
14-26	****	Suntarsky District
14-27	****	Tattinsky District
14-29	****	Ust-Aldansky District
14-32	****	Khangalassky District
14-33	****	Churapchinsky District
14-34	****	Eveno-Bytantaysky National District

Attached to: Asia/Yakutsk (europe)

Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):

Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District.
Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too.
Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk.

Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58.

Attached to: Asia/Yakutsk (europe)

Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):

Asia/Vladivostok covers...
25	RU-PRI	Primorsky Krai
27	RU-KHA	Khabarovsk Krai
79	RU-YEV	Jewish Autonomous Oblast

...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
14-09	****	Verkhoyansky District
14-31	****	Ust-Yansky District

Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5.
Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31.
Go with Byalokoz.

Attached to: Asia/Vladivostok (europe)

Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):

Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
14-28	****	Tomponsky District
14-30	****	Ust-Maysky District

Attached to: Asia/Khandyga (europe)

Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):

Asia/Sakhalin covers...
65	RU-SAK	Sakhalin Oblast
...with the exception of:
65-11	****	Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)

Attached to: Asia/Sakhalin (europe)

Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):

Asia/Magadan covers...
49	RU-MAG	Magadan Oblast

Attached to: Asia/Magadan (europe)

Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):

Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11.  These regions will
need their own zone.

Attached to: Asia/Magadan (europe)

Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):

Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
14-01	****	Abyysky District
14-03	****	Allaikhovsky District
14-08	****	Verkhnekolymsky District
14-17	****	Momsky District
14-20	****	Nizhnekolymsky District
14-25	****	Srednekolymsky District

...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast:
65-11	****	Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)

Attached to: Asia/Srednekolymsk (europe)

Tim Parenti (2014-07-02):

Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with
most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on
2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District
of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by
Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11.

Attached to: Asia/Srednekolymsk (europe)

Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):

Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27.
There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone
Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary.

Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these
districts, but have very similar populations.  In fact, Wikipedia currently
lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females
each!  (Yikes!)
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one.

Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have
fluctuated recently.  Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the
1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most
recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170.  (See pages 195 and 197 of
http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf
in Russian.)  In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older
settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
Go with Srednekolymsk.

Attached to: Asia/Srednekolymsk (europe)

Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):

Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
14-22	****	Oymyakonsky District

Attached to: Asia/Ust-Nera (europe)

Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):

It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch,
as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of
Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on
UTC+12 since at least then, too.

Attached to: Asia/Ust-Nera (europe)

Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):

Asia/Kamchatka covers...
91	RU-KAM	Kamchatka Krai

Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak
Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai.

The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.

Attached to: Asia/Kamchatka (europe)

Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):

Asia/Anadyr covers...
87	RU-CHU	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

Attached to: Asia/Anadyr (europe)

Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):

The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the
Turkish Local election....
http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.

Attached to: Turkey (europe)

Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15):

Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31,
I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST
change delay.  Maybe the word just didn't get out in time.

Attached to: Turkey (europe)

Paul Eggert (2014-06-15):

The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule
change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not.  See:
Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency
http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30.
I guess the best we can do is document the official time.

Attached to: Turkey (europe)

Alois Treindl (2014-03-01):

REGULATION A N O V A on March 20, 1992 N 139 ...  means that from
1992 on, Ukraine had DST with begin time at 02:00 am, on last Sunday
in March, and end time 03:00 am, last Sunday in September....
CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE RESOLUTION on May 13, 1996 N 509
"On the order of computation time on the territory of Ukraine" ....
As this cabinet decision is from May 1996, it seems likely that the
transition in March 1996, which predates it, was still at 2:00 am
and not at 3:00 as would have been under EU rules.
This is why I have set the change to EU rules into May 1996,
so that the change in March is stil covered by the Ukraine rule.
The next change in October 1996 happened under EU rules.

Attached to: Europe/Kyiv (europe)

Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kyiv time 1991/2 (2014-02-28):

First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST:
03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1       Time Zone 3 with DST
07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1       Time Zone 2 with DST
* Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134.
http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html

They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law,
"summer time" was still in action):
09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1       Time Zone 2 with DST
* Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272.
http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html

Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action):
03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1       Time Zone 2 with DST

DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended):
09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0       Time Zone 2, no DST
* Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225.
http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm
This is an answer.

Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure:
03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1       DST started
09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0       DST ended
* Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139.
http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm

Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

Attached to: Europe/Kyiv (europe)

Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 44, 4 (1884-02-08), 208
says that New York City Hall time was 3 minutes 58.4 seconds fast of
Eastern time (i.e., -4:56:01.6) just before the 1883 switch.

Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER

Attached to: NYC (northamerica)

Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):

One opinion of the early 1980s turmoil in Alaska over time zones and
daylight saving time appeared as graffiti on a Juneau airport wall:
"Welcome to Juneau.  Please turn your watch back to the 19th century."
See: Turner W. Alaska's four time zones now two. NY Times 1983-11-01.
http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/alaska-s-four-time-zones-now-two.html

Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31) referred to the following source:
Norris F. Keeping time in Alaska: national directives, local response.
Alaska History 2001;16(1-2).
http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/discover-alaska/glimpses-of-the-past/keeping-time-in-alaska/

Attached to: America/Juneau (northamerica)

Paul Eggert (2014-06-26):

https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2006/01/20/06-563/standard-time-zone-boundary-in-the-state-of-indiana
says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
this rule is 2 a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
Strictly speaking, this meant the affected counties changed their
clocks twice that night, but this obviously was in error.  The intent
was that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.

Attached to: Indianapolis (northamerica)

Paul Eggert (2014-10-18):

H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
"It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
https://web.archive.org/web/19990827055050/https://canadiangeographic.ca/SO98/geomap.htm
contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.

National Research Council Canada maintains info about time zones and DST.
https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/time_zones.html
https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/faq/index.html#Q5
Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.

Attached to: Canada (northamerica)

Paul Eggert (2014-10-17):

For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
daylight saving only during wartime.  Gwillim Law's email also
mentioned maps now maintained by National Research Council Canada;
see above for an up-to-date link.

Attached to: NT_YK (northamerica)

Paul Eggert (2014-12-07):

The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
http://www.diputados.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/index.htm

Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
(In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.

Attached to: Mexico (northamerica)

Steffen Thorsen (2014-12-08):

The Mexican state of Quintana Roo will likely change to EST in 2015.

http://www.unioncancun.mx/articulo/2014/12/04/medio-ambiente/congreso-aprueba-una-hora-mas-de-sol-en-qroo
"With this change, the time conflict that has existed between the municipios
of Quintana Roo and the municipio of Felipe Carrillo Puerto may come to an
end. The latter declared itself in rebellion 15 years ago when a time change
was initiated in Mexico, and since then it has refused to change its time
zone along with the rest of the country."

Attached to: Mexico (northamerica)

Paul Eggert (2014-08-19):

The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UT -04 year-round.  See:
http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm
Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST ...

Attached to: America/Grand_Turk (northamerica)

Chris Walton (2014-11-04):

... the TCI government appears to have delayed the switch to
"permanent daylight saving time" by one year....
http://tcweeklynews.com/time-change-to-go-ahead-this-november-p5437-127.htm

Attached to: America/Grand_Turk (northamerica)

Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):

Unless otherwise specified, data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger through
1992, from the IATA otherwise.  As noted below, Shanks & Pottenger say that
America/Cordoba split into 6 subregions during 1991/1992, one of which
was America/San_Luis, but we haven't verified this yet so for now we'll
keep America/Cordoba a single region rather than splitting it into the
other 5 subregions.

Attached to: America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires (southamerica)